Gossypol Effects in Animal Feeding Can Be Controlled

Gossypol, a substance found naturally in cottonseed and cottonseed products has been the subject of numerous research projects and articles in the past. However, controlling gossypol intake is still a concern in many livestock classes. This review article includes a summary of the classical information on limits and effects as well as results from recent research projects with immature and adult ruminant and non-ruminant species. The intent of this article is to provide practical information and guidelines for the safe and efficient use of cottonseed and cottonseed products. Cottonseed meal has long been a popular and economic protein concentrate for animal feeding. The realities of least cost ration formulation and simple economic incentive have been the prime reason that this co-product of the cottonseed oil extraction industry has found its way into feeds for many classes of animals. Cottonseed meal has some natural limiting factors that must be considered for safe use. Chief among these factors are protein level and quality, fiber level and the gossypol content. Here, we want to review what is known about this last factor, the proper control of gossypol in animal feeds and limits of free gossypol when consumed by production animals. Included in this review will be the effects of free gossypol in cottonseed meal, whole cottonseed or cottonseed hulls on non-ruminants, mature and immature ruminants and on the fertility of bulls and cows. The latest recommendations for safe levels of gossypol are also reviewed.